Sub-custodians are now forced to adapt their businesses to accommodate the competition posed by Investor CSD models.
Industry experts argued further consolidation in the custody industry could be likely, but doubted it will happen within the next 12 months to five years.
New research from industry analytics provider Coalition showed revenues from global securities services providers collectively reached $37.2 billion in 2018.
The Dutch market is known to be the home of some of Europe’s largest pension funds, as well as leading private equity and real estate funds.
Cyber-security could be one of the sections that will be dropped from an industry-wide questionnaire network managers use when selecting a sub-custodian.
Citi already offers direct custody and clearing services in Denmark, Finland and Sweden, with expansion taking its European sub-custody network to 37 markets.
Looking at some of the top five achievements for Societe Generale's outgoing head of securities services, Bruno Prigent, during his time at SGSS.
The DDQ was at risk of becoming unstuck as network managers pumped the document with their own proprietary questions.
Some sub-custodians have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of questions being asked in their due diligence questionnaires.